[GUIDE] Lua errors meanings
16 replies
1 
06.07.16 04:26:39 pm
Are you having trouble to understand the error that Lua (CS2D console) gives to you? Fear not because 
Ortimh is here for you! This thread is going to explain what errors you'd expect while scripting. Note that maybe not all errors have been identified by me so please.. contact if you find anything. Enough with the useless chit-chat, let's go to the fun part.
Just a note, use CTRL+F to find your error here.
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General Syntax
These are the errors that are commonly given for general syntax error. Keep in mind that you either forgot or accidentally inserted a word or a symbol that doesn't match with Lua's syntax.
Lua is expecting
Lua is expecting
Lua is not expecting any symbol near
There's malformed number near
You forgot to finish a string near
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Arithmetic
Arithmetic operation is a weakness for some scripters. These are the errors for arithmetic operations failures. Keep in mind that Lua provides automatic conversion for strings to numbers whenever a number is expected. Arithmetic only can be performed with numbers, and strings with following condition: only numerical constant inside the string, no other char.
You're trying to perform arithmetic on
You're trying to perform arithmetic on a literal or table value that couldn't perform any arithmetic.
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Concatenation
These are the errors that given when a concatenation error occured. Concatenation is only for strings and numbers. Keep in mind that Lua automatically converts numbers to strings whenever a string expected. Therefore, string concatenation accepts numbers besides strings.
You're trying to concatenate
You're trying to concatenate a literal or table value that is unconcatenatable.
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Length Operator
Errors of these are given because you're messing with length operator that's denoted by
You're trying to get the length of
You're trying to get length of a literal or table value that doesn't have any sort of length.
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Table Index
These are the errors for table indexing. Keep in mind that all variables can act as keys in tables, but only two literal values can act as ones, number and string.
You're trying to index
You're trying to index a literal or table value that couldn't be indexed.
You're trying to set a value to nil index of a table.
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Function Calls
These errors are given to you if you're doing something weird with function calls. Keep in mind that function calls are only for, well, functions. Built-in functions give you an error if you're trying to send invalid arguments.
You're trying to call
You're trying to call a literal or table value that couldn't be called.
You're trying to send an invalid value at argument position #
You're trying to send
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You've read one, or some, or all of the errors meanings. These are several statements/questions that may lurk in your head currently.
I don't understand these errors meanings.
Sorry for the inconvenience. I'm trying to give the best-short explanation for you to understand it better without useless words being used. Errors that Lua give are pretty explanatory.
I always get "attempt to concatenate a boolean value" error while I don't have any boolean value?
Maybe you're trying to send invalid arguments to CS2D functions such as
player, thus resulting a false value.
Flacko has written:
Here's an example of how this error can occur:
I'm getting "attempt to call a nil value" every X, without giving me which file that causes the error!
Maybe that's because you're adding a hook while the function you add to the hook is nil or not exist. You either need to delete the "adding hook" part or create a function for that hook. Here's an example of how this error can occur:
What do ?, <eof> and <name> mean?
? means unknown, <eof> means end of file, and <name> could mean a lot such as identifier.
Let's hope that you find your solutions to your problems!
Ortimh is here for you! This thread is going to explain what errors you'd expect while scripting. Note that maybe not all errors have been identified by me so please.. contact if you find anything. Enough with the useless chit-chat, let's go to the fun part.Just a note, use CTRL+F to find your error here.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
General Syntax
These are the errors that are commonly given for general syntax error. Keep in mind that you either forgot or accidentally inserted a word or a symbol that doesn't match with Lua's syntax.
Quote:
'X' expected near 'Y'
X
: a word or a symbol.Y
: a word or a symbol.Lua is expecting
X
near Y
.Code:
if (not a)
a = {true} -- 'then' expected near 'a'
end
print(a][1]) -- ')' expected near ']'
a = {true} -- 'then' expected near 'a'
end
print(a][1]) -- ')' expected near ']'
Quote:
'X' expected (to close 'Z' at line W) near 'Y'
W
: line that contains Z
.X
: a word or a symbol.Y
: a word or a symbol.Z
: a word or a symbol.Lua is expecting
X
near Y
to close Z
at line W
.Code:
if (true) then
print("it's true!") -- 'end' expected (to close 'if' at line 1) near '<eof>'
print("it's true!") -- 'end' expected (to close 'if' at line 1) near '<eof>'
Quote:
unexpected symbol near 'X'
X
: a word or a symbol.Lua is not expecting any symbol near
X
.Code:
print("a")) -- unexpected symbol near ')'
Quote:
malformed number near 'X'
X
: a word or a symbol.There's malformed number near
X
. You either try to concatenate a literal number with strings without brackets or accidentally inserted a word or a symbol after a number.Code:
print(1.."st") -- malformed number near '1..'
Quote:
unfinished string near 'X'
X
: a word or a symbol.You forgot to finish a string near
X
.Code:
print("I forgot to close this string) -- unfinished string near '<eof>'
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Arithmetic
Arithmetic operation is a weakness for some scripters. These are the errors for arithmetic operations failures. Keep in mind that Lua provides automatic conversion for strings to numbers whenever a number is expected. Arithmetic only can be performed with numbers, and strings with following condition: only numerical constant inside the string, no other char.
Quote:
attempt to perform arithmetic on Y 'X' (a Z value)
X
: variable that is attempted to be performed with arithmetic.Y
: either local
, global
, or field
, based on X
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
, based on X
.You're trying to perform arithmetic on
X
, while X
is a Z
value that couldn't perform any arithmetic.Code:
a = {}
b = "b"
print(a - 0) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on global 'a' (a table value)
print(4 / b) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on global 'b' (a string value)
b = "b"
print(a - 0) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on global 'a' (a table value)
print(4 / b) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on global 'b' (a string value)
Quote:
attempt to perform arithmetic on a X value
X
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
.You're trying to perform arithmetic on a literal or table value that couldn't perform any arithmetic.
Code:
a = {}
a[10] = "string"
print(a[10] - 1) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on a string value
print("1" % {}) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on a table value
a[10] = "string"
print(a[10] - 1) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on a string value
print("1" % {}) -- attempt to perform arithmetic on a table value
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Concatenation
These are the errors that given when a concatenation error occured. Concatenation is only for strings and numbers. Keep in mind that Lua automatically converts numbers to strings whenever a string expected. Therefore, string concatenation accepts numbers besides strings.
Quote:
attempt to concatenate Y 'X' (a Z value)
X
: variable that is attempted to be concatenated.Y
: either local
, global
, or field
, based on X
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
, based on X
.You're trying to concatenate
X
, while X
is a Z
value that is unconcatenatable.Code:
a = {}
print(a .. " is a table") -- attempt to concatenate global 'a' (a table value)
print("a.b = " .. a.b) -- attempt to concatenate field 'b' (a nil value)
print(a .. " is a table") -- attempt to concatenate global 'a' (a table value)
print("a.b = " .. a.b) -- attempt to concatenate field 'b' (a nil value)
Quote:
attempt to concatenate a X value
X
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
.You're trying to concatenate a literal or table value that is unconcatenatable.
Code:
a = {}
print("Can I concatenate " .. true .. "?") -- attempt to concatenate a boolean value
print("a[1] = " .. a[1]) -- attempt to concatenate a nil value
print("Can I concatenate " .. true .. "?") -- attempt to concatenate a boolean value
print("a[1] = " .. a[1]) -- attempt to concatenate a nil value
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Length Operator
Errors of these are given because you're messing with length operator that's denoted by
#
tag. Keep in mind that values that have length are strings and tables. The length of a string is its number of bytes (each character is one byte), while the length of a table is only permitted if the table is a sequence, a set of its keys are all numeric and equal to {1..n} where n is a non-negative integer (n is its length).Quote:
attempt to get length of Y 'X' (a Z value)
X
: variable that is attempted to get its length.Y
: either local
, global
, or field
, based on X
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
, based on X
.You're trying to get the length of
X
, while X
is a Z
value that doesn't have any sort of length.Code:
print(#a) -- attempt to get length of global 'a' (a nil value)
Quote:
attempt to get length of a X value
X
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
.You're trying to get length of a literal or table value that doesn't have any sort of length.
Code:
a = {}
a[97] = false
print(#nil) -- attempt to get length of a nil value
print(#a[1]) -- attempt to get length of a boolean value
a[97] = false
print(#nil) -- attempt to get length of a nil value
print(#a[1]) -- attempt to get length of a boolean value
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Table Index
These are the errors for table indexing. Keep in mind that all variables can act as keys in tables, but only two literal values can act as ones, number and string.
Quote:
attempt to index Y 'X' (a Z value)
X
: variable that is attempted to be indexed.Y
: either local
, global
, or field
, based on X
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
, based on X
.You're trying to index
X
, while X
is a Z
value that couldn't be indexed.Code:
a = io.open("test.txt")
print(a[1]) -- attempt to index global 'a' (a userdata value)
print(b.b) -- attempt to index global 'b' (a nil value)
print(a[1]) -- attempt to index global 'a' (a userdata value)
print(b.b) -- attempt to index global 'b' (a nil value)
Quote:
attempt to index a X value
X
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
.You're trying to index a literal or table value that couldn't be indexed.
Code:
a = {}
a[98] = true
print(a[1].index) -- attempt to index a boolean value
print(("a")[1]) -- attempt to index a string value
a[98] = true
print(a[1].index) -- attempt to index a boolean value
print(("a")[1]) -- attempt to index a string value
Quote:
table index is nil
You're trying to set a value to nil index of a table.
Code:
a[nil] = true -- table index is nil
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Function Calls
These errors are given to you if you're doing something weird with function calls. Keep in mind that function calls are only for, well, functions. Built-in functions give you an error if you're trying to send invalid arguments.
Quote:
attempt to call Y 'X' (a Z value)
X
: variable that is attempted to be called.Y
: either local
, global
, or field
, based on X
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
, based on X
.You're trying to call
X
, while X
is a Z
value that couldn't be called.Code:
print(a()) -- attempt to call global 'a' (a nil value)
Quote:
attempt to call a X value
X
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, or table
.You're trying to call a literal or table value that couldn't be called.
Code:
a = {}
a.ortimh = "user"
a.ortimh() -- attempt to call a string value
io.openfile("file") -- attempt to call a nil value
a.ortimh = "user"
a.ortimh() -- attempt to call a string value
io.openfile("file") -- attempt to call a nil value
Quote:
bad argument #X to 'Z' (Y expected)
X
: position of the argument.Y
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, table
, or value
.Z
: a word or a symbol.You're trying to send an invalid value at argument position #
X
to Z
function while argument # X
of the function is expecting Y
.Code:
a = {}
b = setmetatable(a, "__add") -- bad argument #2 to 'setmetatable' (nil or table expected)
b = setmetatable(a, "__add") -- bad argument #2 to 'setmetatable' (nil or table expected)
Quote:
bad argument #X to 'W' (Y expected, got Z)
W
: a word or a symbol.X
: position of the argument.Y
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, table
, or value
.Z
: either nil
, boolean
, number
, string
, function
, userdata
, thread
, table
, or no value
.You're trying to send
Z
at argument position # X
to W
function while argument # X
of the function is expecting Y
.Code:
print(table.concat()) -- bad argument #1 to 'concat' (table expected, got no value)
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You've read one, or some, or all of the errors meanings. These are several statements/questions that may lurk in your head currently.
I don't understand these errors meanings.
Sorry for the inconvenience. I'm trying to give the best-short explanation for you to understand it better without useless words being used. Errors that Lua give are pretty explanatory.
I always get "attempt to concatenate a boolean value" error while I don't have any boolean value?
Maybe you're trying to send invalid arguments to CS2D functions such as
player, thus resulting a false value. Flacko has written:Some cs2d functions such as player() return false on error (wrong parameter or invalid player ID)
Here's an example of how this error can occur:
Code:
function joinhook(id)
msg2(id, "Welcome, " .. player(id - 1, "name") .. "!@C") -- attempt to concatenate a boolean value, if id = 1
end
addhook("join", "joinhook")
msg2(id, "Welcome, " .. player(id - 1, "name") .. "!@C") -- attempt to concatenate a boolean value, if id = 1
end
addhook("join", "joinhook")
I'm getting "attempt to call a nil value" every X, without giving me which file that causes the error!
Maybe that's because you're adding a hook while the function you add to the hook is nil or not exist. You either need to delete the "adding hook" part or create a function for that hook. Here's an example of how this error can occur:
Code:
function joinhook(id)
msg2(id, "Welcome, " .. player(id, "name") .. "!@C")
end
addhook("join", "welcomehook") -- attempt to call a nil value
msg2(id, "Welcome, " .. player(id, "name") .. "!@C")
end
addhook("join", "welcomehook") -- attempt to call a nil value
What do ?, <eof> and <name> mean?
? means unknown, <eof> means end of file, and <name> could mean a lot such as identifier.
Let's hope that you find your solutions to your problems!
edited 11×, last 07.07.16 01:41:40 pm
I'm awesome ... and I really like cookies.
06.07.16 06:07:07 pm
That's a great idea! With this, anyone who has doubts regarding a Lua error, such as lack thereof explanation of the error or unknown root of it can check this thread for a better understanding and overview. Definitely this thread should get pinned as long if DC agrees.
Aside, here's the solution of a problem (despite how basic it is) I have so far.
Getting the length of a number using # operator
Question
Why it gives me such an error like this? Why doesn't want to get the length of these variables?
Synopsis
Solution
Before we're going to troubleshoot the issue, we must understand the semantics of
In any case, unbeknownst to some people (merely beginners) you can get the length of a number indirectly with
Note that you must create a new variable to hold
DC agrees.Aside, here's the solution of a problem (despite how basic it is) I have so far.
Getting the length of a number using # operator
Code:
1
2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
a = 25
b = 10
print('Length of \'a\' variable is: ', #a)
print('Length of \'b\' variable is: ', #b)
b = 10
print('Length of \'a\' variable is: ', #a)
print('Length of \'b\' variable is: ', #b)
Quote:
Attempt to get length of global 'a' (a number value)
Question
Why it gives me such an error like this? Why doesn't want to get the length of these variables?
Synopsis
a
and b
are global variables by default in Lua hence get length of global
. It can be either local or global depending on coder preferences onto setting up the variables environment.Solution
Before we're going to troubleshoot the issue, we must understand the semantics of
#
operator. This operator returns the length of a variable type. The type has to be whether a string or a table in order to get their length though. Therefore, only strings and tables by default are permissible within the operator - and for that matter it is explained on this website.In any case, unbeknownst to some people (merely beginners) you can get the length of a number indirectly with
tostring()
for argument conversion into a string format type according to tostring() rules which would imply. Thus...Code:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
a = 25
b = 10
first = tostring(a)
second = tostring(b)
print('Length of \'a\' variable is: ', #first)
print('Length of \'b\' variable is: ', #second)
b = 10
first = tostring(a)
second = tostring(b)
print('Length of \'a\' variable is: ', #first)
print('Length of \'b\' variable is: ', #second)
Note that you must create a new variable to hold
tostring()
for each variable which holds a number in it. 06.07.16 06:19:47 pm
@ Fraizeraust: Thanks for the error report, and that long explanation. I'll edit the thread and try to give more explanations to the errors.
Fraizeraust: Thanks for the error report, and that long explanation. I'll edit the thread and try to give more explanations to the errors. I'm awesome ... and I really like cookies.
06.07.16 06:20:44 pm
Thanks for writing that, definitely helpful.
A thousand may fall at your side, ten thousand at your right hand, but it will not come near you. You will only look with your eyes and see the recompense of the wicked. - Psalm 91:7-8 ESV
06.07.16 06:29:54 pm
I like the effort but I don't see how this will be used. We all know no one here searches on the forum or even uses Google anyway. Every time someone gets an error they will create a thread without even knowing this exists.
06.07.16 06:48:12 pm
if you know how to solve this:
you can add it. I get this error regularly and don't know how to prevent/solve it
Code:
1
attempt to concatenate a boolean value
you can add it. I get this error regularly and don't know how to prevent/solve it
loading...
06.07.16 06:52:52 pm
@ Cebra: Thank you for that error report! I'll edit the thread ASAP.
@ Yates: Yeah, thanks. I do agree with you, I can't argue with that.
Cebra: Thank you for that error report! I'll edit the thread ASAP.@
Yates: Yeah, thanks. I do agree with you, I can't argue with that. I'm awesome ... and I really like cookies.
06.07.16 08:01:04 pm
@ Cebra: That's because of Lua nature and mechanism to work on that way. Lua will NEVER concatenate boolean values in any way regardless of concatenation declaration. To explain briefly in a technical (or maybe not really technical at the fullest) way:
They never held arrays of chars in the first place. With that being said, your concatenation process fails leading to this error.
In conclusion, the solution would be by using Ortimh has more information in hand to cover this problem out. 
Cebra: That's because of Lua nature and mechanism to work on that way. Lua will NEVER concatenate boolean values in any way regardless of concatenation declaration. To explain briefly in a technical (or maybe not really technical at the fullest) way:..
operator is mainly and intended only for concatenation of strings. A string represents an array/s (also so called a set) of character types. This is the main rule of the thumb regarding the strings. Boolean values, however, tend to fail at this rule. They only hold their particular values (true or 1 for true and false or 0 for false). They never held arrays of chars in the first place. With that being said, your concatenation process fails leading to this error.
In conclusion, the solution would be by using
tostring()
for a total conversion into a string. tostring()
converts nearly each key type onto a reasonable format regardless of type key category but you cannot convert vice-versa. Of course, you could catch this issue on a variety of ways and for that it is advisable to analyze the documentation of functions and things your're using in the code environment if they hold a boolean value or return a bool val. I guess Ortimh has more information in hand to cover this problem out. 06.07.16 08:15:07 pm
@ Fraizeraust: The problem is not understanding the error, it's understanding where it comes from. Lua supposedly (by my own experience) throws this error as a last resort and sometimes it doesn't even make sense to why it throws this.
Lua is weird like that.
Fraizeraust: The problem is not understanding the error, it's understanding where it comes from. Lua supposedly (by my own experience) throws this error as a last resort and sometimes it doesn't even make sense to why it throws this.Lua is weird like that.
06.07.16 08:27:00 pm
@ Yates: Lua only reads and executes, not to understand what you're trying to do and executes. Lua is only interpreting statements and not compiling. It executes code on run-time. So this'd cause Lua to throw some unexpected errors as you said.
Yates: Lua only reads and executes, not to understand what you're trying to do and executes. Lua is only interpreting statements and not compiling. It executes code on run-time. So this'd cause Lua to throw some unexpected errors as you said. I'm awesome ... and I really like cookies.
06.07.16 08:54:54 pm
@ Fraizeraust: first, thanks
second, i know the things you write exept tostring function, but in my code isn't any bool value
Fraizeraust: first, thankssecond, i know the things you write exept tostring function, but in my code isn't any bool value
loading...
. 07.07.16 03:59:55 am
Cebra has written:@ Fraizeraust: first, thanks
second, i know the things you write exept tostring function, but in my code isn't any bool value
Fraizeraust: first, thankssecond, i know the things you write exept tostring function, but in my code isn't any bool value
Some cs2d functions such as player() return false on error (wrong parameter or invalid player ID)
07.07.16 09:02:35 am
Added function calls errors and "predicted statements/questions" at very bottom.
@ Flacko: Thanks for the statement. Added your post in OP as the answer of one of "predicted statements/questions".
@
Flacko: Thanks for the statement. Added your post in OP as the answer of one of "predicted statements/questions". I'm awesome ... and I really like cookies.
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